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What is the connection between an "armored animal" and "leprosy"?

Many people interested in diseases wonder about leprosy, also known as "chronic infectious leprosy" or "Hansen's disease," and whether it still exists

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Many people interested in diseases wonder about the disease of leprosy, also known as “Hansen’s disease,” whether it still exists in the world, what the infection rate is, and what the relationship of the armadillo is to the disease!

Specialists and doctors have confirmed that it still exists, and every year at least 200,000 new cases of leprosy are diagnosed worldwide, and it is estimated that about two to three million people worldwide are disabled because of this disease.

For example, in 2015, 178 new cases of leprosy were reported in the United States, particularly in Louisiana, Florida, and Texas, and cases have also been found among the Mexican population. This is often attributed to exposure to the armadillo, an animal found only in the southern United States and Central and South America, which is a major source of leprosy infection and is abundant in the southern United States, Central and South America, and Uruguay.

In 2018, approximately 208,619 cases were reported worldwide, with Brazil, India, and Indonesia having the highest number of infected people.

chronic infectious disease

Epidemiological estimates indicate that between 10-12 million people are infected with leprosy, and that about 91% of them are from East Asia, East Africa, Latin America, Europe, and the United States.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes of the respiratory system, causing skin ulcers, nerve damage, and muscle weakness. The incubation period for leprosy ranges from 6 months to 20 years, and symptoms typically begin to appear 3 to 5 years after infection.

The areas most affected are the cold areas of the body, such as the eyes, nose, earlobes, hands, feet, and testicles.

Types of leprosy

Family medicine consultant Dr. Ashraf Amir explains: “Leprosy is divided into three types, classified based on the immune response to the disease. These include tuberculous leprosy, also known as tuberculosis, where the immune response is generally good, and the patient may experience few symptoms, such as a single spot or a few spots on the skin. The patient may also experience numbness in some areas of the skin. Tuberculous leprosy is considered mild and less contagious compared to the other types. Then there is leukemic leprosy, where the immune response is weak. This is the most dangerous type, and the patient experiences more severe symptoms, including spots on the skin that spread over large areas, in addition to skin lesions, swelling, and muscle weakness. It may affect the reproductive organs, kidneys, and nose, and may cause hair loss. This type is the most contagious compared to the others. The third type is borderline leprosy, where the patient exhibits symptoms similar to those of the previous types.”.

There is also a range of symptoms and signs characteristic of leprosy, including skin patches, cessation of sweating and hair growth in some affected areas, loss of sensation to heat, cold, touch, and superficial pain, a feeling of weakness, paralysis and muscle atrophy, changes in hair growth and dry skin.

It is transmitted through the breath

Leprosy is an infectious disease, as it is transmitted from an infected person to another person through the breath, when exhaling, sneezing, or coughing. There are many complications resulting from leprosy, including iritis, infertility, hair loss, facial disfigurement, and muscle weakness. In most cases, the condition is diagnosed by taking a biopsy of the infected skin to determine the cause of the infection.

Leprosy can be treated with a combination of drugs, with the need to take precautions to avoid any irreversible or irreversible damage to the eyes or limbs. The drug treatment recommended by the World Health Organization consists of a combination of three types of drugs that the patient must take regularly for a long period of time. Drug treatment is very effective, as the germs lose their ability to infect shortly after starting treatment. Therefore, a patient who receives this treatment regularly is not considered an infectious source of the disease.

It is important to detect leprosy early and to start receiving treatment immediately upon detection to prevent any damage to the skin and nerves.

There is no vaccine to prevent leprosy, and most people have natural resistance to the disease due to an effective immune system that helps the body get rid of germs and limit their development, even in cases where there is contact with people who have leprosy or carry the germ.

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Politics

The Crown Prince receives a message from the President of Kazakhstan to enhance bilateral cooperation

Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman received a written message from the President of Kazakhstan concerning bilateral relations, which was received by Foreign Minister Prince Faisal bin Farhan in Riyadh.

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The Crown Prince receives a message from the President of Kazakhstan to enhance bilateral cooperation

His Royal Highness Prince Mohammed bin Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince and Prime Minister, received an important written message from His Excellency President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The message focused on ways to strengthen and develop the close bilateral relations between the two brotherly countries and to propel them towards broader horizons in various fields.

His Highness Prince Faisal bin Farhan bin Abdullah, Minister of Foreign Affairs, received the message during his official meeting today at the Ministry's headquarters in Riyadh with His Excellency Yermek Kosherbayev, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. During the meeting, they reviewed aspects of joint cooperation and ways to enhance them in a manner that serves the interests of both countries and their friendly peoples.

The depth of Saudi-Kazakh relations

This message comes amidst the active diplomatic efforts underway in relations between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Kazakhstan, two countries bound by deep-rooted historical ties based on shared values ​​and mutual respect. These relations are gaining increasing importance in light of global geopolitical and economic shifts, as Kazakhstan is the largest country in Central Asia and a key strategic partner for the Kingdom in this vital region.

Prospects for economic and investment cooperation

Economically, the two countries possess tremendous potential for cooperation, particularly in the energy sector. Both Saudi Arabia and Kazakhstan are major global oil producers and active members of the OPEC+ alliance, which strengthens their joint coordination to ensure the stability of global energy markets. Furthermore, Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 opens up vast opportunities for mutual investments in mining, infrastructure, food security, and renewable energy, aligning with Kazakhstan's development goals.

The importance of political coordination

On the political front, the exchange of messages between the two leaderships reflects a mutual commitment to continued consultation and coordination on regional and international issues of common interest. The Kingdom plays a pivotal role in promoting stability in the Middle East, while Kazakhstan serves as a vital bridge between Asia and Europe, making the strengthening of their partnership a cornerstone of security and stability in both regions.

The reception was attended on the Saudi side by the Undersecretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for Political Affairs, Dr. Saud Al-Sati, and the Ambassador of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques to the Republic of Kazakhstan, Faisal Al-Qahtani, reflecting the high-level diplomatic interest in the outcomes of this meeting and the future steps that will result from it to strengthen the strategic partnership.

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New Mexico investigation into Epstein's ranch: details of the historic decision

New Mexico opens a formal investigation into Jeffrey Epstein's Zorro Ranch. Learn about the legislative committee's efforts to uncover human trafficking networks.

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New Mexico investigation into Epstein's ranch: details of the historic decision

In a decisive legal and legislative move, lawmakers in the US state of New Mexico passed new legislation aimed at launching a comprehensive and extensive investigation into the events that transpired behind the walls of Zorro Ranch, the sprawling estate associated with the late disgraced sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. This step comes in response to growing demands from human rights groups and the public for transparency regarding the network Epstein operated in secrecy.

Bipartisan fact-finding committee

Under the new legislation, a special bipartisan commission will be formed in the state legislature. This commission will have broad powers to gather evidence, subpoena witnesses, and, most importantly, provide a secure platform for survivors to testify about the egregious abuse they suffered at the ranch. The ranch is located in a remote area about 48 kilometers south of Santa Fe, which for many years kept it largely out of scrutiny.

"Zorro Ranch": The Mysterious Castle

This ranch holds particular significance in the context of federal and local investigations, as it spans thousands of acres and includes a sprawling mansion and a private airstrip. The property has long been suspected of being a major hub for the human trafficking operations with which Epstein was accused. This move is the first of its kind at the state level to directly target activities that took place on the property, aiming to determine whether local individuals or others facilitated or covered up these crimes.

A complex historical and legal context

This investigation comes at a time when the Jeffrey Epstein case continues to generate widespread international controversy, particularly following his death in his Manhattan jail cell in 2019, officially ruled a suicide. This effectively prevented a trial that would have revealed many secrets. However, the recent release of court documents related to Virginia Giuffre's lawsuit against Epstein's associate, Ghislaine Maxwell, has brought the case back into sharp focus, revealing a vast network of connections involving politicians, financiers, and celebrities.

The importance of the investigation and its expected impact

Observers believe the New Mexico investigation holds immense symbolic and legal significance. It not only seeks to hold accountable potential perpetrators who may have escaped federal scrutiny, but also aims to close the legal loopholes that allowed these abuses to continue for years. Furthermore, the investigation sends a powerful message of support to the victims, affirming that justice does not expire and that the death of the main suspect does not mean the case is closed as long as there are survivors demanding their rights.

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Saudi Arabia and seven other countries condemn the escalation of settlement activity in the West Bank

Saudi Arabia and seven other countries issued a joint statement condemning Israel's classification of lands in the West Bank as "state lands," warning of the undermining of the two-state solution and calling for urgent international intervention.

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Saudi Arabia and seven other countries condemn the escalation of settlement activity in the West Bank

In a unified diplomatic move reflecting the seriousness of the situation in the occupied Palestinian territories, the foreign ministers of eight countries – the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, the United Arab Emirates, the State of Qatar, the Arab Republic of Egypt, the Republic of Turkey, the Republic of Indonesia, and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan – issued a joint statement expressing their strong condemnation of the recent Israeli decisions concerning the Palestinian territories.

Unprecedented escalation of settlement activity since 1967

The ministers condemned in the strongest terms Israel’s move to designate large areas of land in the occupied West Bank as “state land.” The statement noted that these actions include approving the commencement of land registration and settlement procedures, a dangerous step being taken for the first time since the occupation of the West Bank in 1967. The ministers considered this move a flagrant violation of international law and an escalation aimed at legitimizing and expanding settlements at the expense of the rights of the Palestinian people.

Violation of international laws and resolutions

The joint statement affirmed that these measures fundamentally violate international humanitarian law, specifically the Fourth Geneva Convention, which prohibits an occupying power from transferring its own population into the territory it occupies or altering its geographic and demographic character. The ministers also stressed that these practices constitute a blatant challenge to relevant UN Security Council resolutions, foremost among them Resolution 2334, which affirms the illegality of settlements in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, including East Jerusalem.

In a related context, the ministers pointed out that the Israeli decision contradicts the advisory opinion issued by the International Court of Justice, which clarified the legal implications of Israeli policies, stressing the illegality of any measures aimed at changing the historical and legal status of the occupied territory, and the need to end the occupation and prohibit the seizure of land by military force.

Risks of undermining the two-state solution

The foreign ministers of the eight countries warned of the political and security repercussions of these steps, emphasizing that they aim to impose a new administrative and legal reality that entrenches permanent Israeli control. They explained that the continued confiscation of land and the accelerated pace of settlement construction effectively undermine the two-state solution and eliminate any political prospect for the establishment of an independent, viable, and geographically contiguous Palestinian state. They cautioned that these policies pose a real threat to the chances of achieving a just and comprehensive peace in the region and exacerbate tension and instability in the Middle East.

A call for the international community to assume its responsibilities

The ministers concluded their statement with a clear call for the international community to take immediate action and fulfill its legal and moral responsibilities. They demanded decisive and clear steps to halt these ongoing violations and ensure Israel's respect for international law. They reaffirmed their full support for the inalienable rights of the Palestinian people, foremost among them their right to self-determination, an end to the occupation, and the establishment of their independent state on the June 4, 1967 borders, with East Jerusalem as its capital, as the only way to achieve lasting stability in the region.

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